Understanding the Challenges Faced by Migrants in Australia: The Issue of Occupational Downgrading
Australia has long been viewed as a land of opportunity for migrants, offering a chance to build a better life. However, a troubling trend has emerged: many migrants are finding themselves working far below their qualifications and experience, particularly in the tech industry. A recent report from the Australian Institute of Family Studies sheds light on this issue, revealing the complexities faced by humanitarian migrants as they navigate the workforce.
The Background of the Report
The report is based on a 10-year survey of 2,400 humanitarian migrants, beginning in 2013 when they initially received their visas. It illustrates a phenomenon known as "occupational downgrade," where migrants—many with advanced qualifications—find themselves employed in positions that do not utilize their skills. This is particularly prevalent among those who were previously employed in managerial or professional roles overseas.
Findings: The Reality of Occupational Downgrading
According to the survey, prior to arriving in Australia, 30% of employed women and 19% of employed men held managerial or professional roles. Fast forward a decade, and the numbers paint a grim picture: less than 20% of employed women and only 10% of men have secured similar positions.
The implications of this downgrading are stark. Many men, initially working in the tech sector, have transitioned to roles such as technicians or tradespersons. For women, the situation is even more concerning—over two-thirds of those who had managerial positions are now out of paid work entirely, with those still employed primarily taking up roles as carers, cleaners, or sales assistants.
Despite the disheartening statistics, there is a silver lining: employment rates have improved overall. Initially, just over 20% of surveyed migrants were in employment upon arrival, a figure that rose to more than 50% after ten years. Yet, the quality of those jobs often falls short of what their skills warrant.
Barriers to Employment
The report identifies several barriers that contribute to the occupational downgrading of migrants. Language is a significant hurdle; many migrants arrive with limited English proficiency, making it difficult to secure employment in their field. Furthermore, a history of forced migration often disrupts their careers, complicating the process of re-entering the workforce.
Structural issues also play a role. The process for formally recognizing overseas qualifications is laden with complexities and can be both costly and inconsistent. According to Dane Moores, Head of Strategic Relations at Settlement Services International, many refugees encounter a system that devalues their qualifications, resulting in unnecessary hurdles.
The Tech Skills Gap
Interestingly, the tech sector showcases one of the most pronounced skills mismatches. The Australian Computer Society’s recent report highlights that although IT qualifications are common among migrants, only 2% manage to find employment in the tech industry. There is a substantial opportunity for Australia to tap into this pool of talent, which remains underutilized.
In response to these challenges, the federal government has outlined new skill assessments aimed at unlocking the full potential of migrant workers. With an identified $70 billion opportunity over the next decade, addressing these barriers is not just a matter of social justice—it represents an economic advantage for the country.
A Path Forward
To effect change, employers and employment agencies must adopt a culturally competent approach, recognizing the valuable skills that refugees and migrants bring to the table. By offering flexible employment opportunities and providing necessary support, the workforce can start to leverage this untapped talent pool effectively.
Research from the previous year indicates that eight out of ten skilled ICT migrants eventually find fulfilling roles in the tech sector. However, half face challenges such as complex immigration processes, workplace discrimination, and regional job shortages.
Recognizing and addressing these roadblocks can pave the way for a more inclusive and efficient labor market, one that not only benefits the migrants but also bolsters the Australian economy as a whole. Each collaborative effort can bridge the gap between the skills that migrants possess and the demands of the local labor market.
